Military casualty counts are contested, with Ukraine and Russia closely guarding data about their forces. In December 2024, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said 43,000 Ukrainian soldiers had been killed and 370,000 injured since February 2022; he also said 198,000 Russian soldiers had been killed and 550,000 injured. None of these claims was verifiable; Russia has said its losses are less than Ukraine’s. The New York Times has cited U.S. intelligence sources claiming, as of August 2023, estimated Russian losses of 120,000 dead and 170,000–180,000 wounded as well as estimated Ukrainian losses of 70,000 dead and 100,000–120,000 wounded. British and European officials have also made estimates, while independent researchers and journalists have used open-source data to count losses.